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September 2024, Vol 7, No. 9

PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Drug-Drug Interactions and the Clinical Tolerability of Colchicine Among Patients With COVID-19: A Secondary Analysis of the COLCORONA Randomized Clinical Trial

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines gastrointestinal adverse events due to interactions between colchicine and other medications in individuals with COVID-19.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431309. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31309
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SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION

Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes in High-Risk Populations: 3 Randomized Clinical Trials

This report of 3 randomized clinical trials investigates smoking reduction in adults with psychiatric conditions or lower educational level who use low-nicotine cigarettes alone, combined with tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes, or combined with e-cigarettes in participant-preferred flavors.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431731. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31731
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NEUROLOGY

Clopidogrel and Aspirin Initiated Between 24 to 72 Hours for Mild Ischemic Stroke: A Subgroup Analysis of the INSPIRES Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin compared with aspirin alone among patients in China with mild ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack when initiated up to 72 hours after symptom onset.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431938. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31938
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STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS

Agreement Between Mega-Trials and Smaller Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Research Analysis

This meta-analysis compares results of mega-trials with results from meta-analyses of smaller trials for the primary outcome and all-cause mortality.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432296. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32296
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GERIATRICS

Conservative Treatments in the Management of Acute Painful Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compares different conservative treatments for managing acute painful vertebral compression fractures.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432041. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32041
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ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Antimicrobial Use for Acute Respiratory Symptoms

This cross-sectional study assesses whether short-term exposures to ambient air pollution are associated with an increase in antimicrobial consumption among the general population seeking primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432245. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32245
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ONCOLOGY

COVID-19 and Rates of Cancer Diagnosis in the US

This cross-sectional study examines trends in expected vs observed rates of cancer diagnoses in the US during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432288. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32288
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ETHICS

Ethical Considerations in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials of Artificial Intelligence

This qualitative study of investigators involved in clinical trials using artificial intelligence (AI) in diabetic retinopathy screening analyzes semi-structured interviews on the generalizability of National Institute of Health ethical research principles that may be unique to AI.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432482. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32482
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RESEARCH LETTER HEALTH INFORMATICS

AI-Powered Clinical Documentation and Clinicians’ Electronic Health Record Experience: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial

This nonrandomized clinical trial investigated the electronic health record (EHR) experiences of clinicians before and after implementation of an artificial intelligence (AI)–powered clinical documentation tool.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432460. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32460
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ONCOLOGY

Circulating Tumor DNA and Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association between circulating tumor DNA detection and survival outcomes in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431722. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31722
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SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION

Drug Decriminalization, Fentanyl, and Fatal Overdoses in Oregon

This cohort study examines the association of decriminalization of drug possession with fatal drug overdose rates in Oregon while accounting for the rapid spread of fentanyl in the state’s unregulated drug market.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431612. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31612
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Human Papillomavirus–Related Cancer Rates

This cross-sectional study examines human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates and the incidence of HPV-related cancer at the county level in Texas.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431807. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31807
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GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY

Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Damage and Subsequent Risk of Parkinson Disease

This cohort study evaluates whether mucosal damage, observed on upper endoscopy, is associated with subsequent diagnosis of Parkinson disease.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431949. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31949
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NEUROLOGY

Plasma Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents With Sport-Related Concussion

This cohort study evaluates the association between sport-related concussion and plasma biomarkers in Canadian adolescents.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431959. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31959
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HEALTH POLICY

Cannabis Laws and Utilization of Medications for the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders

This cross-sectional study investigates the association of medical and recreational legalization of cannabis and dispensary openings with the dispensing of psychotropic medications used to treat mental health disorders in the US.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432021. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32021
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GERIATRICS

Motor and Nonmotor Measures and Declining Daily Physical Activity in Older Adults

This cohort study assesses whether adding baseline sensor-derived mobility metrics to other baseline motor and nonmotor variables explains variance in daily physical activity decline among older adults.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2432033. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.32033
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
HEALTH POLICY

Cost-Effectiveness of AI for Risk-Stratified Breast Cancer Screening

This decision analytical modeling study assesses the potential cost-effectiveness of integrating risk-stratified screening using artificial intelligence (AI) into the United Kingdom National Breast Cancer Screening Program for women aged 50 to 70 years.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431715. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31715
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PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking in Veterans With Paralysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial examines whether the use of an exoskeletal-assisted walking device improves patient-reported mental and physical health outcomes among veterans with paralysis.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431501. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31501
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Diagnostic Performance of GFAP, UCH-L1, and MAP-2 Within 30 and 60 Minutes of Traumatic Brain Injury

This cohort study examines the performance of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) measured within 60 minutes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in identifying patients with intracranial lesions on computed tomography, need for neurosurgical intervention, and clinically important early outcomes.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431115. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31115
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
HEALTH POLICY

Post Hoc Bias in Treatment Decisions

This survey study examines responses from community members and pharmacists for a potential bias in intuitive reasoning (post hoc bias) when asked for recommendations regarding a hypothetical scenario describing a patient who experiences marginal improvement in symptoms after a dubious treatment.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431123. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31123
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PUBLIC HEALTH

Deaths Related to Domestic Violence in Washington State

This cross-sectional study evaluates the proportion of homicides and suicides connected to domestic violence in Washington and contacts with the legal system or social services before these deaths.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2429974. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29974
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
NEUROLOGY

Open Burn Pit Exposure in Headache Disorder and Migraine

This cohort study of veterans examines whether open burn pit exposure is associated with incident headache and migraine.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431522. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31522
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ONCOLOGY

Growth Rate and Outcomes in Locally Recurrent Extremity and Truncal Soft Tissue Sarcoma

This cohort study examines the cumulative incidences of disease-specific survival and local recurrence and their associated factors among patients who underwent resection of locally recurrent extremity or truncal soft tissue sarcoma.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431530. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31530
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PSYCHIATRY

Trends in Body Mass Index Among Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

This repeated cross-sectional study compares changes in body mass index over time among Swedish youths with vs without neurodevelopmental disorders from 2004 to 2020.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431543. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31543
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
RESEARCH LETTER SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION

Telemedicine for Initiation of Alcohol Use Disorder Medications

This case-control study examines the initiation of treatment with medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) among US adults and compares the characteristics of adults who initiate MAUD treatment via telemedicine vs in-person care.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431594. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31594
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
NEUROLOGY

Emergency Department Process Times and Door-In–Door-Out Times in Interhospital Transfers After Acute Ischemic Stroke

This cohort study quantifies the length of time to complete process steps in the initial care of patients with acute ischemic stroke and determines which process steps account for most disparities by sex, race and ethnicity, and age in door-in–door-out times for interhospital transfer.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431183. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31183
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
GERIATRICS

Case Definition for Diagnosed Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in Medicare

This cross-sectional study uses Medicare claims and encounter data as well as diagnostic and prescription drug codes to develop case definitions for diagnosed Alzheimer disease and related dementias.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2427610. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27610
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
EQUITY, DIVERSITY, AND INCLUSION

Error Rates in Race and Ethnicity Designation Across Large Pediatric Health Systems

This cross-sectional study evaluates the error rate of racial and ethnic attribution in the electronic medical records compared with parental report across the 3 largest pediatric health systems in Michigan.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431073. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31073
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
ONCOLOGY

Universal Genetic Testing for Newly Diagnosed Invasive Breast Cancer

This cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence and clinicopathological associations of germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 2 groups of breast cancer susceptibility genes among a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431427. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31427
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
GLOBAL HEALTH

Neurological Symptoms and Cause of Death Among Young Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

This cross-sectional study examines the association of premortem acute neurological symptoms and their management with cause of death among children aged younger than 5 years in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs).

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431512. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31512
Abstract Full Text pdf link PDF
NEUROLOGY

Derivation of Indices of Cognitive Change Among Hispanic Adults and Elders

This prognostic study examines the contribution of ethnicity in predicting longitudinal cognitive test performance among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults aged 50 years and older.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431180. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31180
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RESEARCH LETTER PSYCHIATRY

Surgery and Suicide Deaths Among Patients With Cancer

This cohort study describes suicide incidence among patients with cancer compared with the general population and by surgical status and cancer treatment.

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2431414. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31414
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CORRECTION

Error in Table

open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2436713. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36713
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open access
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(9):e2436118. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36118
Abstract Full Text
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